Cardboard Coefficient of Friction

ASTM D4521, TAPPI T815, TAPPI T816

The koefisien gesekan karton is a crucial parameter in packaging quality control, directly influencing stacking strength, handling efficiency, and transportation safety. For packaging manufacturers, converters, and quality inspection agencies, understanding friction properties ensures that corrugated and solid fiberboard packaging performs reliably in real-world conditions.

Accurate measurement of the cardboard coefficient of friction not only improves safety but also enhances cost-effectiveness by preventing damage, slippage, and packaging failures during storage or shipment.

Why Coefficient of Friction Matters in Cardboard Packaging

Friction affects how cardboard surfaces interact with each other during stacking, palletizing, or conveying. If the cardboard friction coefficient is too low, boxes may slide or topple, risking product loss. If it is too high, issues may arise in automated handling systems where smooth movement is required.

Thus, measuring and controlling the koefisien gesekan karton is essential to:

  • Ensure stable stacking in warehouses and during shipping.
  • Improve automation compatibility in high-speed packaging lines.
  • Reduce the risk of damage and product loss.
  • Support compliance with industry standards.

Standard Test Methods for Cardboard Coefficient of Friction
ASTM D4521, TAPPI T815, TAPPI T816

Standar TAPPI

TAPPI T816 Coefficient of Static Friction of Corrugated and Solid Fiberboard (Horizontal Plane Method)

TAPPI T816 extends testing to both static and kinetic friction, covering the resistance to start moving and the resistance during sliding. This method offers a more comprehensive understanding of cardboard behavior, particularly in dynamic material handling environments where both values are critical.

Standar TAPPI

TAPPI T815 Coefficient of static friction (slide angle) of packaging and packaging materials (including shipping sack papers, corrugated and solid fiberboard) (inclined plane method)

TAPPI T815 om-24 aligns closely with ASTM D4521 but emphasizes its application to packaging materials like corrugated board. It defines the slide angle test, which simulates real handling conditions. By measuring the initial sliding angle, manufacturers can ensure their packaging maintains friction levels necessary for safe stacking and transport.

ASTM

ASTM D4521 Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Static Friction of Corrugated and Solid Fiberboard

ASTM D4521 specifies the inclined plane method to measure the koefisien gesekan statis of corrugated and solid fiberboard, as well as shipping sack papers. The test involves gradually tilting a plane until the specimen begins to slide. The angle at which movement starts corresponds to the static friction. This method is widely accepted due to its accuracy and reproducibility.

How to Perform Coefficient of Friction Tests

A typical friction test for cardboard follows these steps:

  1. Sample Preparation – Test specimens are cut from corrugated or solid fiberboard under controlled conditions.
  2. Test Setup – The specimen is placed on an inclined plane or under a sled in a controlled environment.
  3. Measurement – For static friction, the plane is tilted until the sample starts moving. For kinetic friction, movement is measured once sliding begins.
  4. Result Interpretation – Friction values are expressed as a ratio (force resisting movement divided by normal force).

Modern instruments ensure high precision and repeatability, enabling companies to meet ASTM D4521, TAPPI T815, and TAPPI T816 requirements with confidence.

Reliable Testing with the Cell Instruments COF-01 and COF-03

For packaging manufacturers and laboratories, accurate friction measurement requires dependable equipment. Cell Instruments offers two advanced solutions:

COF-01 Penguji Koefisien Gesekan – Designed for standard packaging and cardboard applications, it delivers precise static and kinetic friction values in line with ASTM D4521, TAPPI T815, and TAPPI T816. Its stable design ensures repeatable results, making it ideal for routine quality control.

koefisien peralatan pengujian gesekan 03
COF-01 Penguji Koefisien Gesekan
Penguji Koefisien Gesekan Bidang Miring 02
COF-03 Penguji Koefisien Gesekan Bidang Miring

COF-03 High-Precision Coefficient of Friction Tester – An upgraded model offering higher sensitivity and automation features. This version is suitable for R&D labs, advanced packaging testing, and customers who require enhanced accuracy.

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